The American Church Was Deeply Divided, Wielding the Same Bible as Both a Weapon of Oppression and a Tool of Liberation The American pulpit was profoundly divided. Ministers across the…
Tag: White Supremacy
Sundown Towns: America’s Hidden History of Racial Exclusion
When most people think of segregation, the Jim Crow South comes to mind. Yet across the United States, thousands of all-white communities—known as sundown towns—operated under the rule that African Americans…
Red Summer and The Massacre Of Elaine, Arkansas
In 1919, several interrelated factors intensified racial tensions in the United States. During Reconstruction, African Americans gained significant political and legal rights, such as voting and holding public office. However,…
Ben Chester White, Gunned Down By The KKK
Ben Chester White (January 5, 1899 – June 10, 1966) was an African-American caretaker in Natchez, Mississippi. White had spent his entire life as a caretaker on the Carter family…
Forced Labor and Legal Loopholes: Conviction and Forced Labor After the 13th Amendment and Vagrancy Act of 1866
The Vagrancy Act of 1866 and the 13th Amendment are connected through their impact on the legal status and treatment of individuals considered vagrants or prisoners, particularly in the context…
Booker T. Spicely, A Victim of Jim Crow Violence
In 1944, Booker T. Spicely, a Black Army private stationed at Camp Butner, clashed with a white bus driver, Herman Council, over seating segregation. The confrontation ended when Council shot…
Who Was Rubin Stacy
During the turbulent and tragic history of racism and injustice in the United States, the lynching of Rubin Stacy stands out as a shameful chapter in our history. This horrid…
Joseph Hayne Rainey, First African American to serve in the United States House of Representatives.
Joseph Hayne Rainey was born into slavery on June 1832 in Georgetown, South Carolina. After the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863, Joseph Rainey, like many other enslaved individuals, saw…
Harsh Realities. Who benefits, and who suffers and has suffered?
Our nation’s past is filled with stories of triumphs, but what about those times of oppression, darkness, and despair? What about the most horrid chapter of them all – the…
The Great Migration and Efforts to Suppress It.
The early 20th century was a time when African Americans faced widespread racism, discrimination, and segregation in the Southern United States. During this era, a significant movement known as the…